19^th Global Chemistry, Chromatography & Spectrometry Conference March 20-21, 2019 New York, USA

\r\n Drug delivery is the method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. And drug discovery is the process by which new medications are discovered. The sessions are more concerned with drug delivery technology, novel drug delivery systems, development of drug using   nanotechnology, smart drug delivery and delivery technology.

Medicinal chemistry is intersection of chemistry that's particularly organic chemistry and pharmacological medicine and numerous alternative biological specialties, wherever they're concerned with design, chemical synthesis, and development for market of pharmaceutical agents or bio-active molecules (Drugs).

Analytical chemistry is a field of chemistry involves in the development of new instrumentation and new technology used to separate, identify, and quantify matter. It is concerned with the practical applications  in the field of chemistry. There is an increased interest in the emergence of the mega-interdisciplinary areas of nanotechnology and systems biology. It consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern, instrumental methods. Classical qualitative methods use separation methods such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation.  Instrumental methods may be used to separate samples using chromatography, electrophoresis or field flow fractionation.

Pharmaceutical chemistry is the study of drug compounds, and it involves drug development process. This includes drug discovery, delivery, absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. There are elements of biomedical analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Pharmaceutical chemistry work is usually done in laboratory conditions it mainly involves cures and remedies for disease, analytical techniques, pharmacology, metabolism, quality control, quality assurance, and drug chemistry. Pharmaceutical chemistry leads to careers in drug development, pharmaceutical industries, and research facilities. Pharmaceutical chemists are involved in the development and assessment of therapeutic compounds. Every chemical that is synthesized must be tested for biological activity. The field of pharmaceutical chemistry is unique and it involves vast areas of expertise.

Organic chemistry is a sub discipline of chemistry that deals with the scientific study of the structure, properties and reactions involving compounds of carbon and hydrogen, along with a handful of other elements – primarily oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulphur, and phosphorus. Organic chemistry includes the areas of organic synthesis, synthesis methods, reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and analytical methods such as chromatography (TLC, GC, HPLC), and structure determination and spectroscopic methods such as NMR and IR. It also includes organometallic and organoelement chemistry, which are the study of carbon-based compounds that contain metals and more generally that contain elements other than the few mentioned above. In the industrial realm, work can involve discovery chemistry (making new chemical entities) and process optimization (finding better ways to produce chemicals). Both of these areas are increasing making use of combinatorial approaches, in which leverage is obtained through large-scale parallel design. Methods of organic chemistry are heavily used in polymer chemistry, materials science, medicinal chemistry and natural product chemistry.

Agricultural chemistry deals with the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which plays an important role in agricultural production, processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation.  As an applied science or technology, it is directed towards the  control of those processes to increase yields, improve quality, and reduce costs. It is also concerned with the utilization of agricultural products as chemical raw materials. The goals of agricultural chemistry are to expand understanding of the causes and effects of biochemical reactions related to plant and animal growth, to reveal opportunities for controlling those reactions, and to develop chemical products that will provide the desired assistance or control. Every scientific discipline that contributes to agricultural progress depends in some way on chemistry. Hence agricultural chemistry is not a distinct discipline, but a common thread that ties together genetics, physiology, microbiology, entomology, and numerous other sciences that impinge on agriculture.

Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The scientific approach to food and nutrition arose with attention towards  agricultural chemistry.

Polymer science deals with the arrangements of structures, concoction combination and properties of polymers, principally manufactured polymers, for example, plastics and elastomers. Polymer science is identified with the more extensive field of polymer science, which additionally envelops polymer material science and polymer designing. The extent of Polymer Chemistry& material science incorporates Novel engineered and polymerization techniques, Polymerization systems and energy, Advanced portrayal of polymers, Macromolecular structure and capacity, Synthesis and use of novel polymers for bio-/Nano solution, Reactions and science of polymers, Supra atomic polymers.

Physical Chemistry is a branch of chemistry which deals on the quantitative relationships between measurements of static and dynamic physical and chemical properties of matter and the theories explaining the microscopic nature of matter. Physical chemistry provides the concepts and principles that are used to construct the foundation of all aspects of chemistry and related fields. The traditional research areas  includes chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and quantum chemistry but today there is a wide array of physical chemistry research going on the interdisciplinary connections to the other areas of chemistry, physics and biology. The research work includes applying femtosecond spectroscopy to determine structure and dynamics in hydrogen-bonded clusters, non-invasive in vivo monitoring of glucose in human blood, and the application of high-level quantum mechanical modeling to complex molecular systems.

The field of Inorganic Chemistry is very broad and diverse. By an old definition inorganic chemistry was the chemistry of non-living things, as opposed to organic chemistry, which was assumed to deal with carbon-containing compounds which make up a large part of the living world. Nowadays areas as diverse as nanomaterials, metals in biological systems, compounds with interesting and useful magnetic and spectroscopic properties, precursors for electronic materials and others all fall within the designation of inorganic chemistry. In fact, our everyday life could not be thought of without large contributions from Inorganic Chemistry. Most catalysts utilized in organic chemistry are metal-based as are the conducting, semi-conducting and insulating materials upon which the electronics industry relies heavily. Life on earth would not be possible were it not for the metals in biological systems, such as iron in haemoglobin which has a pivotal role in oxygen transport, and the metal ions at the centre of enzymes which help regulate several biological processes

Chemoinformatics also known as chemoinformatics and Chemical informatics. Is deals with the use of computer and informational techniques applied to a rage of problems in the field of chemistry. It can be also defined as the mixing of the information resources to transform data into information and information into knowledge for better faster decision making in the area of drug lead identification and optimization.  Computational Chemistry describes the use of computer modelling and simulation – including ab initio approaches based on quantum chemistry, and empirical approaches – to study the structures and properties of molecules and materials. Computational Chemistry is also used to describe the computational techniques aimed at understanding the structure and properties of molecules and materials.

Industrial Chemistry is part of applied chemistry that deals with the development, optimization and monitoring of fundamental chemical processes used in industry to produce chemicals and chemical products. The main areas of research and teaching are on the catalyst and process development, mechanical and thermal unit operations and process of chemical reaction engineering. The Chemical Technology enables efficient production of basic, intermediate and end products.

Industrial chemists make use of their broad understanding of chemistry & environmental sustainability in areas like pharmaceutical companies, polymer manufacturing, petrochemical processing, food science, and manufacturing industries.

Organometallic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of chemical compounds containing one or more metal—carbon bonds which are essentially polar (Mδ+—Cδ-) in nature. Organometallic compounds constitute a very large group of substances which plays an importat role in the development of the science of chemistry. They are used to a large extent as catalysts and as intermediates in the laboratory and in industry.

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It is a laboratory based science that brings together biology and chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques, biochemists solves the biological problems.

Biochemistry focuses on processes at  molecular level. It focuses on what’s happening inside our cells, studying components like proteins, lipids and organelles. It also looks at how cells communicate with each other, for example during growth or fighting illness. Biochemists need to understand how the structure of a molecule relates to its function, allowing them to predict how molecules will interact.

Biochemistry has become the foundation for understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals and plants. It can frequently suggest ways by which such diseases may be treated or cured.

Clinical chemistry is the range of clinical pathology that is concerned with the examination of natural liquids for analytic and remedial purposes. Every biochemical test undergoes concoction pathology. These are performed on any sort of body liquid, like serum or plasma. Serum is the yellow watery piece of blood that is left after blood has been permitted to cluster and all platelets have been expelled. This can be done by centrifugation process.

Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focuses on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. Whereas Environmental chemistry deals with the environmental impact of pollutants, the reduction of contamination and management of the environment. Environmental chemist study the behaviour of pollutants and their environmental effects on the air, water and soil environments, as well as their effects on human health and the natural environment.

Forensic chemistry is a field of chemistry dedicated to the analysis of various substances that might have been used in the commission of a crime. Forensic chemistry involves organic and inorganic analysis, toxicology, and serology. Every method of analysis uses specialized techniques and instrumentation. The process may be simple by setting up a density gradient column to compare soil samples or complicated as using a mass spectrometer  neutron activation analysis to characterize an unknown substance. A wide variety of laboratory techniques and instrumentation are used in forensic studies. The techniques and instrumentation selected depends upon the type of sample or substance to be examined.

Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry concerns with the synthetic and geochemical procedures working in a wide scope of studying about territories: the seas, the strong earth, the climate, marine life forms, polar ice sheets, lakes, shooting stars, and the close planetary system. Marine Science also called as Sea Science, is affected by turbidity streams, silt, pH levels, environmental constituents, transformative action, and biology.

The oceans plays a vital role in understanding about the mechanism of Earths as an integrated system because its chemical composition records transfer of elements through the Earth’s geochemical reservoirs as well as defining how physical, biological and chemical processes combine to influence issues as diverse as climate change and the capacity of the oceans to remove toxic metals. Much modern marine geochemistry aims to link and integrate studies of the modern oceans with work using proxies to define how ocean chemistry and the ocean/atmospheric system has changed through time on a number of different timescales. Special focus in such work is the carbon cycle and its link to changes in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemistry scientist strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize phytochemicals for many reasons, including to protect themselves against insect attacks and plant diseases. Phytochemicals in food plants are often active in human biology, and in many cases have health benefits. The compounds found in plants are of many kinds, but most are in four major biochemical classes, the alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, and terpenes.

Phytochemistry can be considered sub-fields of botany or chemistry. Activities can be led in botanical gardens or in the wild with the aid of ethnobotany. The applications of the discipline can be for pharmacognosy, or the discovery of new drugs, or as an aid for plant physiology studies.

Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, such as nuclear transmutation, and nuclear properties and Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable). Much of radiochemistry deals with the use of radioactivity to study ordinary chemical reactions. This is very different from radiation chemistry where the radiation levels are kept too low to influence the chemistry.

Nuclear chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry are increasingly used to bridge pharmaceutical and medical research with state-of-the-art non-invasive molecular diagnosis as well as with patient-individual treatment

Petroleum Chemistry is made of a mixture of different hydrocarbons. The most prolific hydrocarbons found in the chemistry of petroleum are alkanes, these are also sometimes knows as branched or linear hydrocarbons.